Aktiviti 3.17:
Menyeimbangkan persamaan kimia
1. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi setiap tindak balas berikut:
(a) Gas nitrogen + gas hidrogen → gas ammonia
(b) Logam natrium + air → larutan akueus natrium hidroksida + gas hidrogen
(c) Pepejal kuprum(II) karbonat terurai kepada pepejal kuprum(II) oksida dan gas karbon dioksida apabila dipanaskan.
(d) Pembakaran serbuk aluminium dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan serbuk putih aluminium oksida.
2. Imbangkan persamaan kimia berikut:
(a) KI(ak) + Br2(ak) → I2(p) + KBr(ak)
(b) Zn(p) + AgNO3(ak) → Zn(NO3)2(ak) + Ag(p)
(c) C3H8(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(ce)
$$ \text { (d) } \mathrm{AgNO}_3(\mathrm{p}) \underset{\Delta}{\rightarrow} \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{p})+\mathrm{NO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$
Jawapan:
1. (a) $$ \mathrm{N}_2(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NH}_3(\mathrm{~g}) $$
(b) $$ 2 \mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{ce}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{ak})+\mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$
(c) $$ \mathrm{CuCO}_3(\mathrm{p}) \underset{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CuO}(\mathrm{p})+\mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$
(d) $$ 4 \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{p})+3 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3(\mathrm{p}) $$
2. (a)$$ 2 \mathrm{KI}(\mathrm{ak})+\mathrm{Br}_2(\mathrm{ak}) \rightarrow \mathrm{I}_2(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{KBr}(\mathrm{ak}) $$
(b) $$ \mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{AgNO}_3(\mathrm{ak}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2(\mathrm{ak})+2 \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{p}) $$
(c) $$ \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_8(\mathrm{~g})+5 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+4 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{ce}) $$
(d) $$ 2 \mathrm{AgNO}_3(\mathrm{p}) \underset{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} 2 \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{NO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$
Menyeimbangkan persamaan kimia
1. Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi setiap tindak balas berikut:
(a) Gas nitrogen + gas hidrogen → gas ammonia
(b) Logam natrium + air → larutan akueus natrium hidroksida + gas hidrogen
(c) Pepejal kuprum(II) karbonat terurai kepada pepejal kuprum(II) oksida dan gas karbon dioksida apabila dipanaskan.
(d) Pembakaran serbuk aluminium dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan serbuk putih aluminium oksida.
2. Imbangkan persamaan kimia berikut:
(a) KI(ak) + Br2(ak) → I2(p) + KBr(ak)
(b) Zn(p) + AgNO3(ak) → Zn(NO3)2(ak) + Ag(p)
(c) C3H8(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(ce)
$$ \text { (d) } \mathrm{AgNO}_3(\mathrm{p}) \underset{\Delta}{\rightarrow} \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{p})+\mathrm{NO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$
Jawapan:
1. (a) $$ \mathrm{N}_2(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NH}_3(\mathrm{~g}) $$
(b) $$ 2 \mathrm{Na}(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{ce}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{NaOH}(\mathrm{ak})+\mathrm{H}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$
(c) $$ \mathrm{CuCO}_3(\mathrm{p}) \underset{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CuO}(\mathrm{p})+\mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$
(d) $$ 4 \mathrm{Al}(\mathrm{p})+3 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow 2 \mathrm{Al}_2 \mathrm{O}_3(\mathrm{p}) $$
2. (a)$$ 2 \mathrm{KI}(\mathrm{ak})+\mathrm{Br}_2(\mathrm{ak}) \rightarrow \mathrm{I}_2(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{KBr}(\mathrm{ak}) $$
(b) $$ \mathrm{Zn}(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{AgNO}_3(\mathrm{ak}) \rightarrow \mathrm{Zn}\left(\mathrm{NO}_3\right)_2(\mathrm{ak})+2 \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{p}) $$
(c) $$ \mathrm{C}_3 \mathrm{H}_8(\mathrm{~g})+5 \mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{CO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+4 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{ce}) $$
(d) $$ 2 \mathrm{AgNO}_3(\mathrm{p}) \underset{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} 2 \mathrm{Ag}(\mathrm{p})+2 \mathrm{NO}_2(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_2(\mathrm{~g}) $$